Fort
Ontario is a historic fort situated by the City of Oswego, in Oswego
County, New York in the United States of America. It is owned by the
state of New York and operated as a museum known as Fort Ontario State
Historic Site. Fort Ontario was one of several forts erected by
the British to protect the area around the east end of Lake Ontario.
The original Fort Ontario was erected in 1755, during the French and
Indian War in order to bolster defenses already in place at Fort Oswego
on the opposite side of the river. At that time its name was the "Fort
of the Six Nations," but the fort was destroyed by French forces and
rebuilt by British forces in 1759.
At the conclusion of Pontiac's War, Chief Pontiac urged moderation and
agreed to travel to New York, where he made a formal treaty with William
Johnson at Fort Ontario on July 25, 1766. During the American
Revolutionary War, a detachment from the 3rd New York Regiment destroyed
the fort in July, 1778, after the British abandoned it. The British
returned and rebuilt the fort in 1782. There was an aborted attack on
the fort by Colonel Marinus Willet in 1783. The British held the fort
after the war was over until 1796 after the signing of Jay's Treaty. 19th Century
The fort was attacked and destroyed by British forces during the War of
1812 in the year 1814. After a period of disuse, new construction was
undertaken in part due to tensions with Great Britain as well as to
check smuggling activities between Canada and the United States.
During the American Civil War the new construction began at the fort
due to fear of British help from Canada to the South. Although the fort
remained a military base, the fort itself fell into ruin, since funds
were used to create more modern quarters outside the fort. Modern Day:
During World War II, Fort Ontario was home to approximately 982 Jewish
refugees, from August 1944 to February 1946. The Fort Ontario Emergency
Refugee Shelter was the only attempt by the United States to shelter
Jewish refugees during the war. After the end of the war the refugees
were kept in internment due to disagreements concerning whether or not
to allow them to become United States citizens. In January 1946, the
decision was made to allow them to become citizens, and by February all
of the Jewish refugees were allowed to leave Fort Ontario. The
restored fort is open to the public as a state historic site. It was
listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 source: Wikipedia
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